Female Participation in the Moroccan Labor Market: A Catalyst for Inclusive Growth

Abstract

Morocco’s female labor force participation remains among the lowest in the MENA region, raising concerns about the underutilization of a vital human resource. This article investigates whether and how limited women’s employment opportunities impede inclusive economic growth and perpetuate socio-cultural inequalities. Rooted in established theories of labor market segmentation and human capital, it proposes that strategic reforms could expand women’s contribution to overall productivity.

Using panel data from 36 entities over the 2018–2024 period, the study applies econometric models to capture temporal and regional nuances. Variables include female employment and unemployment rates, fertility levels, educational attainment, and sectoral output. The analysis also incorporates a mixed-methods approach, drawing on qualitative interviews to contextualize numerical findings and better understand socio-cultural barriers.

Results highlight that higher female employment rates and improved productivity positively correlate with greater female-driven GDP contribution. Moreover, greater educational attainment among women and better childcare infrastructure are linked to decreased gender disparities. However, the study also finds that persistent cultural norms and insufficient institutional support constrain female career advancement, suggesting that tackling job discrimination and rethinking household responsibilities remain crucial. These findings reinforce the argument that enhancing women’s economic engagement requires both robust legal frameworks and progressive social policies. Such measures, if well implemented, could boost household income, stimulate demand, and foster balanced regional development.